Table 5 Baseline characteristics of overweight and nonoverweight children before and after propensity score matching
|  | Unmatched (N = 138,782) | Matched (N = 25,406) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Not Overweight | Overweight | P Value | %Bias | Not Overweight | Overweight | P Value | %Bias |
Total | 95.8 | 4.3 | Â | Â | 81.8 | 18.2 | Â | Â |
Child Age in Months Mean (SD) | 28.7 (17.2) | 21.7 (17.5) |  < 0.001 | -39.9 | 23.4 (17.0) | 22.6 (17.3) | 0.62 | 0.9 |
Child Sex | ||||||||
 Male | 50.4 | 54.2 |  |  | 53.6 | 53.2 |  |  |
 Female | 49.6 | 45.9 |  < 0.001 | -8.5 | 46.4 | 46.8 | 0.95 | 0.1 |
Place of Residence | ||||||||
 Urban | 32.8 | 36.7 |  |  | 36.6 | 39.0 |  |  |
 Rural | 67.2 | 63.3 |  < 0.001 | -7.4 | 63.4 | 61.0 | 0.23 | -2.3 |
Pregnancy Type | ||||||||
 Singleton Pregnancy | 97.1 | 97.8 |  |  | 97.8 | 97.9 |  |  |
 Multiple Pregnancy | 2.9 | 2.2 | 0.01 | -3.8 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.26 | 2.0 |
Currently Breastfeeding | ||||||||
 No | 63.5 | 50.2 |  |  | 55.2 | 53.6 |  |  |
 Yes | 36.5 | 49.8 |  < 0.001 | 24.9 | 44.8 | 46.4 | 0.50 | -1.3 |
Maternal Age (Y) | ||||||||
 15–24 years | 26.6 | 30.5 |  |  | 29.2 | 29.7 |  |  |
 25–34 years | 50.2 | 49.7 | 0.49 | -0.9 | 50.8 | 49.1 | 0.17 | -2.6 |
 35–49 years | 23.2 | 19.9 |  < 0.001 | -8.1 | 20.0 | 21.3 | 0.06 | 3.5 |
Maternal Education Level | ||||||||
 No Education | 33.9 | 23.2 |  |  | 25.4 | 24.2 |  |  |
 Primary | 31.3 | 33.6 |  < 0.001 | 4.8 | 32.3 | 32.7 | 0.83 | -0.4 |
 Secondary | 29.1 | 33.3 |  < 0.001 | 9.5 | 32.8 | 32.6 | 0.95 | 0.1 |
 Higher | 5.7 | 9.8 |  < 0.001 | 15.9 | 9.6 | 10.5 | 0.42 | 1.7 |
Maternal Marital Status | ||||||||
 Never Married | 4.7 | 6.8 |  |  | 5.3 | 6.6 |  |  |
 Married | 90.1 | 87.8 |  < 0.001 | -5.6 | 90.4 | 87.4 | 0.003 | -5.6 |
 Divorced/Widowed/Separated | 5.2 | 5.4 | 0.90 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 6.0 | 0.02 | 4.3 |
Maternal Employment Status | ||||||||
 Not Employed | 41.0 | 48.4 |  |  | 48.2 | 46.5 |  |  |
 Employed | 59.0 | 51.6 |  < 0.001 | -17.6 | 51.8 | 53.5 | 0.45 | 1.4 |
Wealth Index | ||||||||
 Poorest | 22.4 | 20.8 |  |  | 20.6 | 19.4 |  |  |
 Poorer | 21.3 | 20.3 | 0.05 | -2.7 | 20.3 | 19.9 | 0.64 | -0.9 |
 Middle | 20.3 | 20.3 | 0.82 | 0.3 | 20.3 | 20.6 | 0.79 | 0.5 |
 Richer | 19.4 | 19.1 | 0.23 | -1.6 | 18.1 | 20.1 | 0.20 | 2.4 |
 Richest | 16.6 | 19.5 |  < 0.001 | 7.9 | 20.5 | 20.1 | 0.90 | -0.3 |
Maternal Health Behaviour | ||||||||
 First Quantile (Least) | 36.0 | 33.7 |  |  | 35.5 | 32.5 |  |  |
 Second Quantile | 33.3 | 37.1 |  < 0.001 | 8.3 | 36.2 | 36.9 | 0.93 | -0.2 |
 Third Quantile | 18.2 | 15.8 |  < 0.001 | -7.8 | 15.7 | 16.4 | 0.26 | 2.0 |
 Fourth Quantile | 4.7 | 6.9 |  < 0.001 | 8.1 | 5.6 | 7.2 | 0.10 | 3.3 |
 Fifth Quantile (Highest) | 7.9 | 6.5 | 0.003 | -4.2 | 57.1 | 7.0 | 0.57 | 1.0 |