Table 1 Characteristics and literature quality evaluation of FH screening studies included in the review
From: Synthesized economic evidence on the cost-effectiveness of screening familial hypercholesterolemia
Country, References | Strategy type | Strategy number | Screening population | Definition of FH | Treatment | Economic evaluation method | Model | Time horizon | Cost unit | Discount rate | Perspective | QHES score | CHEERS 2022 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UK,Kerr [24] | CS | 2 | FH patients and their relatives | Genetic testing | Statins,Ezetimibe | CEACUA | Markov | Lifetime | 2014–15 UK pounds | 3.5% | UK NHS perspective | 87 | 22.5 |
UK, Crosland [25] | CS | 9 | Patients aged 40–70 years with FH and relatives | Genetic testing | Statins | CUA | Decision tree + Markov model | Lifetime | 2015–16 UKpounds | 3.5% | UK NHS perspective | 91 | 22 |
UK, McKay [26] | US + RCT | 8 | Children 1–2 years old | Genetic testing; LDL-C testing; | Statins | CUA | Decision tree + Markov model | Lifetime | 2017 UK pounds | 3.5% | UK NHS perspective | 86 | 21 |
UK,Marks [27] | US;CS;OS; | 5 | General population; Counseling patients; Inpatients with premature MI; FH patients and their relatives; People aged 16–54; | Genetic testing;LDL-C testing; | Statins | CEA | Decision tree + life-table analysis | Lifetime | pounds | costs:6% benefits:1% | UK NHS perspective | 82 | 20 |
UK,Marks [28] | US;CS; | 2 | 16-year-olds; Patients aged 16–54 years and their relatives | Genetic testing;LDL-C testing; | Statins | CEA | Decision tree + life-table analysis | 10 years | pounds | Not Reported | UK NHS perspective | 80 | 19 |
UK,Nherera [29] | CS | 4 | FH patients (50 years old) and relatives (30 years old) | LDL-C testing | Statins | CUA | Decision tree + Markov model | Lifetime | 2010–11 UKpounds | 3.5% | UK NHS perspective | 89 | 22 |
Australia, Ademi [40] | CS | 2 | Ten years olds suspected of having FH | Genetic testing;LDL-C testing; | Statins | CEACUA | Markov | Lifetime | 2019 Australian dollars | 5% | Australian healthcare system perspective | 91 | 23.5 |
Australia, Ademi [42] | CS | 2 | FH patients and their relatives | Genetic testing;LDL-C testing; | Statins | CEACUA | Decision tree + Markov | 10 years | 2013Australian dollars | 5% | Australian health care perspective | 88 | 20.5 |
Australia, Marquina [30] | US | 2 | Population 18–40 years in Australia | Genetic testing | Statins;Ezetimibe | CEACUA | Decision tree + Markov | Lifetime | 2020Australian dollars | 5% | Australian healthcare andsocietal perspective | 93 | 24.5 |
U.S.Chen [37] | CS | 3 | Caucasian male adults | Genetic testing;LDL-C testing; | Statins | CUA | Decision tree + Markov | Lifetime | 2013U.S. dollars | 3% | U.S. societal perspective | 88 | 21 |
U.S.Spencer [19] | US | 2 | Population-wide (20 and 35 years old) | Genetic testing | Statins | CEACUA | Decision tree + Markov | Lifetime | 2021 U.S.dollars | 3% | U.S. healthcare sector perspective | 90 | 22.5 |
U.S.Jackson [33] | CS | 2 | FH + progenitor population, and the children of the progenitor population, and subsequent off-spring | Genetic testing | Statins,Ezetimibe, PCSK9 | CEA | Simulated family trees; | 30 years | 2018U.S. dollars | 3% | U.S. health care provider’sperspective | 81 | 21.5 |
Argentina,Araujo [39] | US | 2 | Living in Argentina aged 6 years children | LDL-C testing | Statins | CEACUA | Decision tree | 60 years | U.S.dollars | 5% | Argentine public healthcare system perspective | 84 | 21 |
Poland,Pelczarska [41] | US + CS;OS + CS; | 7 | People who got their first job; 6 years old children; 49/75 years of age after the first ACS/stroke; | Genetic testing;LDL-C testing; | Statins | CEACUA | Decision tree + Markov | Lifetime | zloty and euros | Costs:5% benefits:3.5% | Poland public payer perspective | 89 | 21 |
Spanish,Lázaro [31] | CS | 2 | FH patients and their relatives | Genetic testing | Statins;Ezetimibe | CEACUA | Decision tree | 10 years | 2016 euros | 3% | Spanish health system and social perspective | 88 | 21 |
Spanish, Oliva [34] | CS | 2 | Under 60 years old FHand relatives | Genetic testing | Statins | CEA | Life-table analysis | Lifetime | 2005euros | 3% | Spanish health system perspective | 89 | 21.5 |
Netherlands, Wonderling [35] | CS | 2 | FH patients and their relatives | Genetic testing | Statins | CEA | Life-table analysis | Lifetime | 2001 U.S. dollars | 4% | Netherlands health care perspective | 85 | 20 |
Netherlands, Marang-van [36] | CS | 10 | FH patients over 16 years of age and their relatives | Genetic testing;LDL-C testing; | Statins | CEA | Life-tableanalysis | Lifetime | 2002euros | Withoutdiscounting | Netherlands health care perspective | 82 | 20.5 |
Netherlands, Ademi [32] | CS | 2 | 10-year-olds FH | Genetic testing | Statins | CEACUA | Markov | Lifetime | 2020euros | Costs:4%benefits:1.5% | Netherlands health care and societal perspectives | 89 | 21.5 |