Table 3 Factors associated with total costs (US$) incurred by the PwTB during TB care, India, 2022–2023 (N = 1398)

Overall

1398 (100)

392.7 (134.5, 878.0)

Age (in years)

 ≥ 18 to ≤ 59

1134 (81.1)

406.2 (145.3, 884.9)

108.55 (41.97, 175.13)

446.08 (370.37, 521.80)

0.001

 ≥ 60

264 (18.9)

261.6 (79.6, 838.8)

Reference

337.54 (280.46, 394.61)

Gender

 Male

861 (61.6)

413.7 (160.0, 835.3)

36.00 (− 39.70, 111.71)

439.42 (354.14, 524.71)

0.351

 Female

537 (38.4)

354.8 (104.1, 906.4)

Reference

403.42 (341.75, 465.09)

Education

 Illiterate

518 (37.1)

399.2 (133.7, 874.9)

–

–

–

 Any formal schooling

705 (50.4)

381.8 (133.2, 848.9)

–

–

–

 Any college education

175 (12.5)

396.7 (142.6, 926.2)

–

–

–

Occupation^a

 Employed

785 (56.1)

425.7 (189.7, 778.4)

Reference

449.77 (395.46, 504.07)

 Economically inactive

613 (43.9)

336.9 (84.8, 930.0)

− 55.13 (− 179.21, 68.95)

394.64 (270.86, 518.42)

0.384

Monthly household income before TB (quintiles)

 1st (poorest)

259 (18.5)

347.3 (82.9, 899.8)

− 81.72 (− 202.45, 39.01)

386.30 (286.37, 486.24)

0.184

 2nd

336 (24)

367.8 (133.0, 874.4)

− 71.41 (− 169.02, 26.19)

396.61 (299.59, 493.63)

0.151

 3rd

254 (18.2)

427.8 (170.1, 815.7)

− 30.11 (− 139.95, 79.73)

437.92 (341.67, 534.16)

0.591

 4th

277 (19.8)

395.8 (117.6, 800.2)

− 22.84 (− 129.43, 83.75)

445.19 (349.77, 540.61)

0.674

 5th (richest)

268 (19.2)

480.6 (154.1, 974.7)

Reference

468.03 (387.41, 548.64)

 Unknown/Missing

4 (0.3)

270.1 (162.2, 325.2)

–

–

–

Health/medical insurance scheme

 Yes

514 (36.8)

328.1 (101.3, 819.2)

− 105.01 (− 206.75, − 3.27)

359.16 (265.89, 452.43)

0.043

 No

884 (63.2)

420.3 (155.9, 887.5)

Reference

464.17 (386.73, 541.62)

Recipients of NPY

 Yes

1250 (89.4)

393.2 (134.5, 881.4)

–

–

–

 No

148 (10.6)

389.0 (117.2, 826.6)

–

–

–

Notifying sector

 Public

1263 (90.3)

367.1 (122.4, 841.7)

Reference

398.68 (336.57, 460.78)

 Private

135 (9.7)

700.2 (255.6, 1097.3)

278.05 (− 66.69, 622.79)

676.72 (332.40, 1021.05)

0.114

Site of disease

 Extra Pulmonary

313 (22.4)

402.4 (142.6, 964.5)

–

–

–

 Pulmonary

1079 (77.2)

391.9 (130.8, 845.6)

–

–

–

 Unknown/Missing

6 (0.4)

278.6 (185.3, 701.2)

–

–

–

Drug type^b

 DSTB

1363 (97.5)

391.9 (133.7, 877.0)

–

–

–

 DRTB

34 (2.4)

495.8 (183.2, 911.2)

–

–

–

 Unknown/Missing

1 (0.1)

185.3 (185.3, 185.3)

–

–

–

HIV

 Reactive

15 (1.1)

529.2 (103.2, 1151.1)

–

–

–

 Non–Reactive

1358 (97.1)

393.2 (133.7, 878.0)

–

–

–

 Unknown/Missing

25 (1.8)

364.5 (185.3, 752.7)

–

–

–

Diabetes

 Diabetic

129 (9.2)

577.9 (195.1, 967.0)

57.51 (− 63.63, 178.66)

474.54 (360.58, 588.51)

0.352

 Non-Diabetic

1214 (86.8)

373.0 (125.5, 866.6)

Reference

417.03 (344.55, 489.51)

 Unknown/Missing

55 (3.9)

428.8 (186.4, 752.7)

82.40 (− 58.04, 222.85)

499.44 (358.71, 640.17)

0.250

Hospitalization

 Yes

258 (18.5)

882.3 (408.0, 1554.1)

518.60 (379.09, 784.10)

900.39 (700.20, 1100.59)

< 0.001

 No

1140 (81.5)

323.4 (101.5, 719.4)

Reference

318.80 (254.58, 383.01)

Treatment outcome

 Favourable

1302 (93.1)

392.7 (134.1, 881.4)

–

–

–

 Unfavourable

96 (6.9)

386.7 (138.1, 759.6)

–

–

–