Fig. 3

Number of age-standardized death and DALY rates by geographical region between 1990 and 2021 in 149 BRI countries (a EAPC in death rate; b EAPC in DALY rate; c age-standardized death rate in 2021; d age-standardized DALY rate in 2021). Notes a. The four categories of age-standardized death and DALY rates in the panels c and d were determined based on quintiles; b. BRI: Belt and Road Initiative; c. DALYs: disability-adjusted life year